East/Southeast Asia:
Li Jin of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. Asks: When
did people first reach Taiwan and Japan? What led to the north-south genetic
divide among native populations in East Asia? Did ancient seafarers cross the
Pacific from Asia to South America, and if so, where did they embark?
·
The written history of Japan begins with brief
references in the 1st century AD Twenty-Four Histories, a
collection of Chinese historical texts. However, archaeological evidence
indicates that people were living on the islands of Japan as early as
the upper Palaeolithic period. Following the last Ice age, around 12,000
BC, the rich ecosystem of
the Japanese Archipelago fostered human development. The
earliest-known pottery belongs to the Jōmon period.
·
The Upper
Palaeolithic (or Late
Stone Age) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age, as it is
understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. Very broadly, it dates to between 50,000
and 10,000 years ago, roughly coinciding with the
appearance of behavioral modernity and before the advent of agriculture.
·
In the history of Taiwan, Aboriginal peoples ancestors
are believed to have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years
before major Han Chinese immigration
began in the 17th century. The Taiwanese Aborigines are Austronesian peoples, with linguistic and genetic ties to other
Austronesian ethnic groups, such as peoples of the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia and
Oceania. Taiwan's Austronesian speakers were traditionally distributed
over much of the island's rugged central mountain range and concentrated in
villages along the alluvial plains. Today, the bulk of the contemporary
Taiwanese Aborigine population reside in the mountains and the cities.
What led to the
north-south genetic divide among native populations in East Asia?
·
Climate change
·
Living environment change
·
Historical event
·
Demographical expand
·
Language
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